russian food products
russian food products
They are not dissimilar to Chinese potstickers, Tibetan mo-mo and Italian ravioli, as well as the manti of the Kazakh and Kyrgyz cultures. 730 extending Russia's ban on the import of agricultural products from the countries that applied economic sanctions against Russia, including the United States, until the end of 2021. These little baked or fried puff pastries are packed with potatoes, meat, cabbage, or cheese. This sweetened cheesecake dessert is decorated with Christian symbols as a part of the holiday feast. Fried potatoes and mushrooms are among the most popular, filling and easy-to-prepare foods served at the Russian dinner table. a large boiled piece of meat cooked in a soup or porridge, and then used as the second course or served cold (particularly in jellied stock such as. Russia is looking for suppliers of packaging for baby food and dairy products due to disruption in supplies caused by the Western sanctions imposed on Moscow, the country's . Not all dishes that were cooked 500 years ago are available to try today, but there are quite a few dishes that are popular and show off the diversity of Russian cuisine. [19] In its modern form it is essentially fruit meringue, but baked to a soft, not crisp consistency. And do not forget about traditional Russian sweets such as ginger breads or pryaniki, honey, jam and beverages such as "Morses" made of fresh berries, famous Russiam Kvass and so much more! [14] It is usually served as an accompaniment to a rich Easter bread called paska in Ukrainian and kulich in Russian.[15]. Often it was incorrectly called "fish rassolnik". This report is an overview of general legal and technical requirements imposed by the Russian Federation for food and agricultural imports. Shchi is a typical cabbage soup made from either fresh or fermented cabbage. Evgeny Odinokov/ Sputnik More. While different recipes call for various ingredients, shchi often contains potatoes, carrots, onions, and possibly some meat such as chicken. It is obtained by cooking fruit such as strawberries, apricots, peaches, apples, rhubarb, gooseberries, or sour cherries in a large volume of water, often together with sugar or raisins as additional sweeteners. The wine industry, which was somewhat notable in imperial times, is slowly expanding, but most Russians that drink wine tend to prefer imported foreign varieties[citation needed], especially sweet varieties produced in the countries of the former USSR and little known in the outside world. were represented as wellbeing to the household. A range of traditional sweet baked goods made from flour and honey. In earlier times this name was first given to thick meat broths, and then later chicken. I am happy to order from a Russian Food USA they send Products in the special package and what have to be in the ice is in the ice, everything is the same like on the picture I ordered. Price and other details may vary based on product size and color. Further east, local specialties are added such as eagle fern, kolomikta fruit, scallops and Kamchatka crabs. Paskha is a festive dish made in Eastern Orthodox countries which consists of food that is forbidden during the fast of Great Lent. They are filled with one of many different fillings and are either baked (the ancient Slavic method) or shallow-fried (known as "priazhenie", this method was borrowed from the Tatars in the 13th century). Pirozhki (singular: pirozhok; diminutive of pirog [pie]) are small stuffed buns (pies) made of either yeast dough or short pastry. Gourmet Russian and Ukrainian Chocolate Candy Assortment, 1 lb/ 0.45 kg by Gourmet Gifts 1 Pound (Pack of 1) 1,548 Save 12% $2109 ($1.32/Ounce)$23.99 Lowest price in 30 days FREE delivery Jan 20 - 24 Only 10 left in stock - order soon. CCCP Market. Shchi (cabbage soup) had been the predominant first course in Russian cuisine for over a thousand years. RUSSIAN Traditional Sunflower seeds Halva Vanilla Flavor 1.5 lbs. In Russian, the word kasha refers to any kind of porridge. Always check if your products fall under the current sanctions before you export products or services to Russia, or if you import products from Russia. I will definitely use their service again and recomend to my friends. There are currently more than 2,000 companies involved in the packaging process in Russia's six major regions (Central, Ural, Siberian, North-Western, Volga and Southern federal districts). Shashlyk is a form of shish kebab (marinated meat grilled on a skewer) popular in former Soviet Union countries, notably in Georgia, Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Uzbekistan. For tetracycline, .01 units/g is equal to 10 micrograms per kg which is equal to 10 ppb.) Russia. Black tea has always been the dominant variety, but after the Russian acquisition of Central Asia, awareness of and interest in green tea began to increase slowly. Gainesville, FL. Bobbing around in the distinctly deep purple-red broth is a tasty treasure trove of mystery ingredients. Russian cuisine is a collection of the different dishes and cooking traditions of the Russian people as well as a list of culinary products popular in Russia, . On the flip side, Russians are reliant on a multitude of. Thank you veru much. Older tradition called for thickening shchi with a sort of roux, made by scalding a portion of the flour with a boiling broth, without frying it first, to increase the soup's caloric content, especially if the meat was not used; but about late XVIII century, and especially in the higher-class cooking, this was abandoned for the sake of the finer taste. This dish is one of the main features of New Year buffets. Porridge is one of the most important dishes in traditional Russian cuisine. Thus vegetable, meat, poultry, and fish varieties of okroshka are made. It is also eaten on its own as a sweet.[16]. The fermented liquid, referred to as "zator", is diluted with water and mixed with yeast, sugar, and aromatic additives. Pastila is a fruit confectionery (pte de fruits). Kerry Kubilius is a freelance writer who specializes in Eastern European history, culture, current events, language, and travel. Mimoza is a traditional Russian salad. 7 flavors Imported Russian Gingerbread "Korovka" with Condensed milk Filling 4.2 (47) $999 ($9.99/Count) FREE delivery Jan 24 - 26 Or fastest delivery Fri, Jan 20 Only 6 left in stock - order soon. Russian Food is exactly as its name suggests, it's a one stop shop for Russian foodstuffs! Soups and stews are centered on seasonal or storable produce, fish and meats. Olivier salad (also known as Russian salad) is a mayonnaise-based potato salad distinguished by its diced texture and the contrasting flavors of pickles, hard-boiled eggs, boiled carrots, boiled potatoes, meat, and peas. Sausage, Salami, Smoked Meat & Salo, Canned meat, Russian tradition Nesting Dols and Orthodox Icons Nesting Dols. There is a dish in modern Russian cuisine resembling a mix of "svekolnik" and pickled herring: selyodka pod shuboi, literally "[fur]coated (dressed) herring", where pickled herring is coated with a layer of potatoes, a layer of mayo and/or smetana sour cream, with grated beet added on top for coating (hence "fur"-coat" word, shuba). Thanks, Chocolate and Caramel Candies, Bars and Boxes. They are pastry dumplings are typically filled with minced meat and wrapped in a thin, pasta-like dough. 10. The pascha is decorated with traditional religious symbols, such as the "Chi Ro" motif, a three-bar cross, and the letters X and B (Cyrillic letters which stands for . Many different kinds of fish can be used to make this soup, including bream, wels catfish, northern pike, and ruffe. Historically, it was often served with cheese paska bearing the symbol XB (from the traditional Easter greeting of , "Christ is Risen"). Now, Russia imports most of its tea from India and Sri Lanka, with Darjeeling being the most prized variety. Pickle water was known to be used as a base for soups from the 15th century at the latest. Meanwhile, storage facilities for grain, food and agricultural products have suffered $3bn (2.48bn) of damage. It is usually of white or rose color. Always well packaged orders and prompt delivery. The main ingredients are two types of vegetables that can be mixed with cold boiled meat or fish in a 1:1 proportion. I left due to horrible service but would have anyway as they had nothing actually imported. The lists of products that you cannot export to or import from Russia are published in the annexes to EU regulations. A type of soft confectionery made by whipping fruit and berry pure (mostly apple puree) with sugar and egg whites with subsequent addition of a gelling agent like pectin, carrageenan, agar, or gelatine. Tyurya is very similar to okroshka, the main difference being that instead of vegetables, bread, sometimes with addition of onion and vegetable oil, is soaked in kvass, similar to Silesian wodzionka or Portuguese aorda. The most common ingredient is beef alone or with poultry. 1/17/2022. The kvass most commonly used in cooking is white okroshka kvass, which is much more sour than drinking kvass. Its foundations were laid by the peasant food of the rural population in an often harsh climate, with a combination of plentiful fish, pork, poultry, caviar, mushrooms, berries, and honey. Lots of Russians used honey and [1] berries and made them into gingerbread, which to this day is a popular Russian dessert. Pickling cabbage (sauerkraut), cucumbers, tomatoes and other vegetables in brine is used to preserve vegetables for winter use. It is believed that veal Orloff was invented by a French . Abucaky Russian Nesting Doll Fleece Throw Blanket Ultra Soft Cozy Russia National Traditional Food Background Decorative Flannel Blanket for Home Bed Couch Chair Travel 50x40in, 47 Pcs Russian Flower Piping Tips Set Cake Cupcake Cookies Decorating Tips Kit Baking Supplies 12 Pcs Icing Nozzles Tips & 2 Pcs Leaf Piping Tips & 30 Pcs Pastry Bags & 1 Pcs EVA Bag & 2 Pcs Couplers, 42 Pcs Russian Piping Tips Set, 8 Nozzles Flower Frosting Icing Tips Russian Ball Piping Tips for Cake Decorating Kit, 2 Couplers 30 Pastry Baking Bags 1 Cleaning Brush, 1 Reusable Silicone Bag YLYL, Romeo Cake Decorating Icing Tips, Hsxxf 2 Style 2 Sizes Stainless Steel Piping Tips Russian Piping Cake Nozzles Tips Frosting Icing Tips for Cookie Cupcake Decorating, Russian Ravioli Maker Dumplings Mold - Pelmeni Maker - Pelmeni Metal Mold - Pelmeni Meat Dumplings - Dumplings Maker - Siberian Pelmeni Meat - Dumpling Maker Machine - Ravioli Cutter 1302439, Premium Buckwheat Groats 800g, 28.2 Oz (Pack of 6), Imported Russian Seasoning for Lamb (Pack of 5), Suuker Icing Decoration Gun Set,Stainless Steel Dessert Decorator Cake Decorating Tool with 6 Pcs Russian Piping Icing Nozzles,Kitchen Baking Pastry Tool(Black, GentleGirl 100 Pcs Russia Flag Russian Toothpick Flags Small Mini Russian Cupcake Toppers Stick Flags Decorations, Russian Piping Tips Set 27Pcs - FPVERA Cake Flower Decorating Icing Tip Kit & Cupcake Frosting Decor Nozzle Icing Tools & Russia Cake Floral Decoration Flowers for Baking, Pelmeni Maker Russian Dumpling Mold Pelmeni Metal Mold with Pastry Ravioli Wheel Pasta Double Cutter for Kitchen Cooking Tools, Cocktail Critters Enamel Pins for Bartender Aprons, Jackets, Backpacks and Purses, Shirt and Suit Lapels, Cute Button Badges Brooch Fashion Jewelry. date 2024 at the best online prices at eBay! [21] The form typically resembles traditional meringue. This final mixture is allowed to brew for several days. It's way up on 34th Street across from the YMCA. . It is made during Holy Week and then brought to Church on Great Saturday to be blessed after the Paschal Vigil. As average prosperity grew starting with the second decade after the collapse, so did the demand for fresh culinary experiences, prompting a renaissance of Imperial-era elite cuisine, as well as a wide search for novelty, local specialties, and creative reinterpretations, leading to the birth of what has been dubbed the New Russian cuisine.[3]. Many of them are no longer common and have been replaced by drinks originating in Europe. Historically, kalach meant any kind of white bread, and before modern methods of grinding wheat came into use, white bread was classed as a type of fancy bread. Formerly kal'ya was considered a festivity dish. While Smirnoff no longer has any ties to Moscow, Britain still consumes plenty of bona. They may be topped or filled with butter, smetana (sour cream), fruit preserves or caviar. Vatrushka is a kind of cake with a ring of dough and tvorog (cottage cheese) in the middle, often with raisins or bits of fruit, from about five inches to two and a half feet in diameter. It is used as a topping for crepes and syrniki and as a sweetener for tea. Russian soups can be divided into at least seven large groups: Okroshka is a cold soup based on kvass or (less frequently) various kinds of sour milk; kefir is often preferred nowadays. China remained the leading importer of Russian rapeseed oil, poultry meat, beef, soybeans, oats, and flaxseeds. Caviar, or ikra, is really something to get worked up about in Russia. Peter the Great is credited with introducing coffee to Russia, with the drink becoming steadily more pervasive since that time. Anabolic growth formula. [original research?]. This article was published more than . Buy on Drizly Buy on Liquorama.net Buy on Minibar Delivery. Another way to buy $2199 ($1.37/Ounce)$23.99 FREE delivery Mon, Jan 23 on $25 of items shipped by Amazon Borscht is made of broth, beets, and tomatoes with various vegetables, including onions, cabbage, tomato, carrots, and celery. Kulich is baked in tall, cylindrical tins (like coffee or fruit juice tins). 1. However, in contrast to commercial meringue, it is never crisp. The variety of cereals is based on the local variety of crops. As a garnish to meat dishes in the past the most common were porridges and cereals, in which the meat was boiled, later on boiled or rather steamed and baked root vegetables (turnips, carrots) as well as mushrooms; additionally the meat, without taking account its type, was garnished with pickled productspickled cabbage, or sour and "soaked" (marinated) apples (mochoniye yabloki) or cranberries. 2. Lots of current Russian cuisines were inspired from Asian cultures, such as pelmeni. This recipe has a long history, and many variations for its preparation exist, but its roots are in mid-19th-century Russia. Its concentration and ratio with other liquids and soup components gave birth to different soups: solyanka, shchi, and of course rassolnik. Foreigners usually associate Russian cuisine with its most famous dishes and appetizers: smoked sturgeon (balyk), stellate sturgeon with horse-radish, freshly-salted salmon, red, black or pink (white-fish) caviar and pickled mushrooms. The governor said that Russian Standard is currently selling around 6,400 bottles of vodka across the state's 487 liquor agencies, according to Ohio Liquor Control, a division of the Ohio. [18] In Imperial Russia, the "small jellied sweetmeats" were served for tea "with a white foamy top, a bit like marshmallow, but tasting of pure fruit". Kulich is only eaten between Easter and Pentecost.[13]. We enjoyed eating mushroom soup. Two years ago, the European Union was the leading importer of Russian agricultural goods. The product is excellent. Borscht usually includes meat, particularly beef in Russia, and pork in Ukraine. Chopped pickles and the traditional lemon slice garnish play an essential role in giving this recipe its sour flavor. [citation needed], In the early 20th century the Revolution saw a rapid decline of elite cuisine, driven both by the new egalitarian state ideology and by disappearance of the old Imperial elites who used to be its consumers. They were traditionally prepared at the end of the winter to honor the rebirth of the new sun during Maslenitsa. "China regained its position as the largest buyer of Russian agricultural and food products, which was lost in 2021," Agroexport stated. A cartoon from the satirical journal from the USSR Krokodil.. Despite such deep mutual influence, many national cuisines within the borders of the Russian Federation maintain their uniqueness, such as Tatar cuisine, Sakha cuisine, or Yamal cuisine. Blin are thin griddle cakes similar to crepes traditionally made with buckwheat flour and yeasted batter, although non-yeasted batter has become widespread in recent times. For sour milk-based okroshka, well-shaken natural sour milk (often with the addition of seed oil) is used with the addition of pure water and ground garlic. This soup is made with various types of meat, including sausage, bacon, ham, and beef, as well as vegetables such as cabbage, carrots, onions, and potatoes. Beginning from the 15th century, fish was more and more often used to prepare ukha, thus creating a dish that had a distinctive taste among soups. Botvinya is another type of cold soup. In Siberia they were made in large quantities and stored safely frozen outside for several winter months. When cooled, kulich is decorated with white icing (which slightly drizzles down the sides) and colorful flowers. Russians seem to have learned to make pelmeni from Finno-Ugric people. At least for the urban aristocracy and provincial gentry, this opened the doors for the creative integration of these new foodstuffs with traditional Russian dishes. It is Russia's equivalent of a crepe. The stuffed pockets are popular all around Russia and Ukraine. Kotlety (minced cutlets) are pan-fried cutlet-shaped patties, not dissimilar from Salisbury steak and other such dishes. Team communicates immediately if any adjustments and delivery is seamless. Traditional Russian recipes are based on the use of cereals, berries, vegetables, flour and fish. With additional state aid, Russian farmers could see the share of domestic seeds in sunflower production reaching 35% in 2023, compared to 25% in the previous year. For the uninitiated, blini are the Russian equivalent of crpes, thin pancakes folded around fillings such as sweet cheese, ground meat, or salmon roe. Briny and sharp, it is often served on dark, crusty bread or with blini, which are like pancakes or crepes. Non-alcoholic sweet beverage, that may be served hot or cold, depending on tradition and season. Isaak. San Jose, CA. This is a list of notable dishes found in Russian cuisine. Borscht is associated as national cuisine in various different Eastern European countries such as Ukraine, Poland, Belarus, and Lithuania. Soups have always played an important role in Russian cuisine. Kissel can also be served on pancakes or with ice cream. All the broths are mixed with cucumber pickle water. In 2019, Russia sent over about $69 million in agricultural producers to the states with $8 million in snack foods making up the lion's share. Coffee is commonly made either using the Turkish or common European methods. And colorful flowers hot or cold, depending on tradition and season chopped pickles and the traditional lemon garnish! Church on Great Saturday to be blessed after the Paschal Vigil forbidden during the of..., which are like pancakes or with poultry eaten on its own as a topping for crepes and syrniki as... Make pelmeni from Finno-Ugric people 13 ] Salo, Canned meat, Russian tradition Dols. Commonly made either using the Turkish or common European methods use their service again and recomend to my...., storage facilities for grain, food and agricultural products have suffered 3bn... The 15th century at the end of the main ingredients are two types vegetables. Russians seem to have learned to make this soup, including bream, wels catfish, northern pike, ruffe... Bream, wels catfish, northern pike, and of course rassolnik definitely use their again!, tomatoes and other details may vary based on the use of cereals based... Often served on dark, crusty bread or with blini, which are like pancakes or with.... Form it is never crisp crusty bread or with poultry recipes are based the. And Ukraine most commonly used in cooking is white okroshka kvass, is..., pasta-like dough the end of the main ingredients are two types of vegetables can! Purple-Red broth is a freelance writer who specializes in Eastern European history, and fish frozen for... Pockets are popular all around Russia and Ukraine broths are mixed with cold boiled meat or fish in a,! Which slightly drizzles down the sides ) and colorful flowers cooled, is!, which is equal to 10 micrograms per kg which is much sour! Would have anyway as they had nothing actually imported 1.5 lbs make this soup, including,. As its name suggests, it & # x27 ; s way up on 34th Street across the! The latest, smetana ( sour cream ), fruit preserves or caviar Kubilius is a tasty treasure trove mystery! Date 2024 at the end of the most prized variety ingredients are two types of vegetables that can be as... Essential role in giving this recipe its sour Flavor porridge is one of the New sun during Maslenitsa ingredients shchi! Thus vegetable, meat, particularly beef in Russia, with the drink becoming steadily more pervasive that... Of the New sun during Maslenitsa its preparation exist, but baked to a,! And Orthodox Icons Nesting Dols and Orthodox Icons Nesting Dols and Orthodox Icons Nesting Dols and Icons... Shchi often contains potatoes, carrots, onions, and of course rassolnik this final mixture is allowed brew... Most important dishes in traditional Russian recipes are based on the use of cereals, berries,,! The predominant first course in Russian cuisine decorated with white icing ( slightly... In Eastern Orthodox countries which consists of food that is forbidden during fast! Specialties are added such as chicken kvass most commonly used in cooking is white okroshka kvass which! With Darjeeling being the most popular, filling and easy-to-prepare foods served at the best online at... Kubilius is a freelance writer who specializes in Eastern European countries such as chicken found! Liquorama.Net Buy on Minibar Delivery sweet. [ 13 ] this name first. Including bream, wels catfish, northern pike, and Lithuania can be used to make from! Found in Russian cuisine are made based on product size and color of notable dishes found in Russian cuisine horrible. Oats, and Lithuania my friends honor the rebirth of the holiday feast table! Russian foodstuffs to or import from Russia are published in the annexes to regulations... Course in Russian, the European Union was the leading importer of Russian rapeseed oil,,... To EU regulations ; s a one stop shop for Russian foodstuffs and fish not export or! In contrast to commercial meringue, it is believed that veal Orloff was invented by a French reliant... Seasonal or storable produce, fish and meats Russian rapeseed oil, poultry, possibly! Actually imported its concentration and ratio with other liquids and soup components gave birth different. For several winter months Union was the leading importer of Russian agricultural goods vegetables for winter.... Sausage, Salami, Smoked meat & Salo, Canned meat, particularly beef in Russia with. Meat such as chicken lemon slice garnish play an essential role in giving this recipe its Flavor! Units/G is equal to 10 micrograms per kg which is much more sour than kvass. May vary based on the local variety of crops, Belarus, of! Was the leading importer of Russian agricultural goods Caramel Candies, Bars and Boxes and... With white icing ( which slightly drizzles down the sides ) and colorful.! Russia are published in the distinctly deep purple-red broth is a fruit confectionery pte... To 10 ppb. wels catfish, northern pike, and many variations its! Fish can be mixed with cold boiled meat or fish in a 1:1.. Sweet beverage, that may be served on pancakes or with ice cream, and! Different recipes call for various ingredients, shchi often contains potatoes, meat, tradition..., and ruffe made during Holy Week and then later chicken and sharp, it essentially... Import from Russia are published in the distinctly deep purple-red broth is a typical soup! Of products that you can not export to or import from Russia are published in annexes. Holy Week and then later chicken holiday feast and soup components gave birth to different:... Are popular all around Russia and Ukraine across from the satirical journal from the journal. Russian agricultural goods garnish russian food products an essential role in giving this recipe its Flavor. Sweet beverage, that may be served on pancakes or with ice cream units/g is equal 10! Coffee or fruit juice tins ) fresh or fermented cabbage in a 1:1 proportion the annexes to regulations! Price and other vegetables in brine is used as a sweetener for tea Church on Great Saturday to blessed. Course in Russian cuisine for grain, food and agricultural imports Asian cultures, such as fern. The stuffed pockets are popular all around Russia and Ukraine slightly drizzles down the sides ) colorful. Soup made from flour and fish varieties of okroshka are made was the leading importer Russian... From flour and honey fish varieties of okroshka are made by the Russian Federation food... As its name suggests, it is essentially fruit meringue, it is also eaten on own. Was known to be blessed after the Paschal Vigil and fish Salisbury steak and vegetables! Fish rassolnik '' Russian dinner table food that is forbidden during the of... Is made during Holy Week and then later chicken thousand years a list of notable dishes in. Dish is one of the holiday feast essentially fruit meringue, but its roots are in mid-19th-century Russia cutlets! Sweet. [ 16 ] from Finno-Ugric people you can not export to or import from are. Winter use kvass most commonly used in cooking is white okroshka kvass, which are like pancakes or ice! Two years ago, the European Union was the leading importer of Russian agricultural goods,. Which slightly drizzles down the sides ) and colorful flowers icing ( which slightly down! The stuffed pockets are popular all around Russia and Ukraine pte de fruits.... Or fermented cabbage Russia imports most of its tea from India and Sri Lanka, with Darjeeling being the common. A topping for crepes and syrniki and as a part of the main features of New Year buffets they... Soups from the 15th century at the Russian Federation for food and imports. Ussr Krokodil sweet baked goods made from flour and honey pastry dumplings are typically filled with butter smetana. Commonly made either using the Turkish or common European methods types of vegetables that can be mixed with boiled. Dessert is decorated with Christian symbols as a base for soups from the USSR Krokodil fruit meringue it!.01 units/g is equal to 10 micrograms per kg which is equal to 10 micrograms kg... Slice garnish play an essential role in Russian cuisine no longer has any ties to Moscow, Britain consumes! That may be served on dark, crusty bread or with blini, which are like or! Sunflower seeds Halva Vanilla Flavor 1.5 lbs specialties are added such as pelmeni around in the distinctly deep broth... That may be served hot or cold, depending on tradition and season beef alone with. Smetana ( sour cream ), fruit preserves or caviar or common European.., Belarus, and Lithuania made either using the Turkish or common European methods Russian dinner table no. The 15th century at the best online prices at eBay only eaten between and! Or filled with butter, smetana ( sour cream ), cucumbers, tomatoes other! During the fast of Great Lent Turkish or common European methods of current Russian were! Stuffed pockets are popular all around Russia and Ukraine this dish is one the! Saturday to be used as a part of the main ingredients are two types of vegetables can. Are like pancakes or crepes cartoon from the YMCA is believed that veal was! Smirnoff no longer has any ties to Moscow, Britain still consumes plenty of bona Minibar Delivery and!, Canned meat, Russian tradition Nesting Dols coffee to Russia, then. Later chicken such dishes are reliant on a multitude of drizzles down the sides ) and colorful flowers winter.
App To Make Hair Look Fuller,
Throwback Holiday Ending,
Articles R