ceres and persephone, the pomegranate
ceres and persephone, the pomegranate
Demeter then hides Persephone in a cave; but Zeus, in the form of a serpent, enters the cave and rapes Persephone. There are also the forms Periphona () and Phersephassa (). Featured in a variety of novels such as Persephone [151] by Kaitlin Bevis, A Touch of Darkness by Scarlett St. Clair, Persephone's Orchard[152] by Molly Ringle, The Goddess Test by Aimee Carter, The Goddess Letters by Carol Orlock, Abandon by Meg Cabot, and Lore Olympus by Rachel Smythe, her story has also been treated by Suzanne Banay Santo in Persephone Under the Earth in the light of women's spirituality. Hence, in Roman mythology she was called Proserpina, a name erroneously derived by the Romans from proserpere, "to shoot forth"[117] and as such became an emblematic figure of the Renaissance. The Pomegranate and The Bistro Styx illustrate the complex mother-daughter relationship between a modern day Ceres and Persephone; while both poems depict the struggle of a mother accepting a daughters coming of age, Boland shows a mothers eventual acceptance of this while Dove conveys a mothers denial and fight against it. Add to Cart. She also questioned every immortal she could find and eventually uncovered Zeus plot. . [61] Persephone was born so deformed that Rhea ran away from her frightened, and did not breastfeed Persephone. The goddess of nature and her companion survived in the Eleusinian cult, where the words "Mighty Potnia bore a great sun" were uttered. 'the maiden'), is the daughter of Zeus and Demeter. [31] However, it is possible that some of them were the names of original goddesses: As a vegetation goddess, she was called:[32][34], Demeter and her daughter Persephone were usually called:[34][35], Persephone's abduction by Hades[f] is mentioned briefly in Hesiod's Theogony,[37] and is told in considerable detail in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter. She will holdthe papery flushed skin in her hand.And to her lips. [116], The Romans first heard of her from the Aeolian and Dorian cities of Magna Graecia, who used the dialectal variant Proserpin (). [16] Gnther Zuntz considers "Persephone" and "Kore" as distinct deities and writes that "no farmer prayed for corn to Persephone; no mourner thought of the dead as being with Kore." All rights reserved. [103] An image plate from the first palace of Phaistos seems to depict the ascent of Persephone: a figure grows from the ground, with a dancing girl on each side and stylized flowers all around. Proserpina ( / prosrpn / proh-SUR-pih-n; [1] Latin: [prosrpna]) or Proserpine ( / prsrpan / PROSS-r-pyne [1]) is an ancient Roman goddess whose iconography, functions and myths are virtually identical to those of Greek Persephone. Frederic Leighton, The Return of Persephone, 1891. This is an origin story to explain the seasons. Bk V:533-571 Calliope sings: Persephone's fate '"He spoke, and Ceres felt sure of regaining her daughter. The Fitzwilliam Museum The story and myth of Ceres and Proserpine features pictures from mythology and legend. Demeter was the Ancient Greek goddess of the harvest. in the Arcadian mysteries. She will enter it. But, just at the time when my story begins, the good lady was very busy, because she had the care of the wheat, and the Indian corn, and the rye and barley and, in short, of the crops of every kind, all over the . It was a beautiful day like all the others in this land, the sun shone brightly in the sky, the hills were lush and green, and flowers blossomed from the earth. John Chadwick believes that these were the precursor divinities of Demeter, Persephone and Poseidon. After eating 6 pomegranate seeds Persephone was allowed to return home to Earth from the Underworld for six months each year. On an Attic red-figured bell krater of c. 440 BC in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Persephone is rising as if up stairs from a cleft in the earth, while Hermes stands aside; Hecate, holding two torches, looks back as she leads her to the enthroned Demeter. It was a gift from her husband Hades. Part 2. Demeter, worried that Persephone might end up marrying Hephaestus, consults the astrological god Astraeus. Proserpine, however, had eaten of a pomegranate. She was doomed to return to Hades for three months each year. How did I forget it?She could have come home and been safeand ended the story and allour heart-broken searching but she reachedout a hand and plucked a pomegranate.She put out her hand and pulled downthe French sound for apple and the noise of stone and the proofthat even in the place of death,at the heart of legend, in the midstof rocks full of unshed tearsready to be diamonds by the timethe story was told, a child can behungry. This is the fruit of the dead Hades gave the goddess Persephone before she was retuned to her mother. In other dialects, she was known under variant names: Persephassa (), Persephatta (), or simply Kor (, "girl, maiden"). "The Pomegranate" and "The Bistro Styx" illustrate the complex mother-daughter relationship between a modern day Ceres and Persephone; while both poems depict the struggle of a mother accepting a daughter's coming of age, Boland shows a mother's eventual acceptance of this while Dove conveys a mother's denial and fight against it. 473474. An epic myth full of contradictions: of love and loss; light and shade; purity and passion; this story of death and rebirth is how ancient mythology attributed the advent of the four seasons. Her mortal mind could not comprehend the actions of the Goddess, and she asked her to leave their home at once. When Persephone's time is over and she would be reunited with her mother, Demeter's joyousness would cause the vegetation of the earth to bloom and blossom which signifies the Spring and Summer seasons. She had adjusted well to her new position, saying she had even found her calling. [95] The depiction of the goddess is similar to later images of "Anodos of Pherephata". Eavan Boland was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1944. [82] So entranced was Persephone by Orpheus' sweet melody that she persuaded her husband to let the unfortunate hero take his wife back. Pluto, king of the Underworld, complained to Jupiter that he alone had no wife. Her mother Demeter, despaired at her disappearance . Mollified, as long as the people would build her a temple in Eleusis, Demeter taught the queen's son, Triptolemos, the art of agriculture. This came about because the three brothers divided up the world between them: Zeus took the heavens, Poseidon the sea, and Hades, the underworld. Later I walked out in a summer twilight searching for my daughter . As the well-known story goes, Persephone was abductedthough some myths say she went willinginto the underworld by Hades . (2013). [16], The epithets of Persephone reveal her double function as chthonic and vegetation goddess. [134] Scholar Timothy Gantz noted that Hades was often considered an alternate, cthonic form of Zeus, and suggested that it is likely Zagreus was originally the son of Hades and Persephone, who was later merged with the Orphic Dionysus, the son of Zeus and Persephone, owing to the identification of the two fathers as the same being. Since Persephone had consumed pomegranate seeds in the underworld, she was forced to spend four months, or in other versions six months for six seeds, with Hades. 2736 sample college application essays, The earliest mentions of this name in literature describe him as a partner of Gaia and call him the highest god. [25][26] In Homer's Odyssey, Odysseus encounters the "dread Persephone" in Tartarus when he visits his dead mother. The infant Dionysus was later dismembered by the Titans, before being reborn as the second Dionysus, who wandered the earth spreading his mystery cult before ascending to the heavens with his second mother, Semele. Ceres, goddess of the harvest, spent much of her time on earth, happily tending its fields and plants. Strong, L. (2001). guide PDFs and quizzes, 10942 literature essays, The road is flint-coloured. From then on, whenever Persephone was with Demeter on Earth, Demeter would be so happy and crops, fruit . Upon learning of the abduction . [110] In the Mycenean Greek tablets dated 14001200 BC, the "two queens and the king" are mentioned. [34] The Greek god Poseidon probably substituted for the companion (Paredros, ) of the Minoan Great goddess[57] [60] Zeus then mates with Persephone, who gives birth to Dionysus. [56] In Arcadia, Demeter and Persephone were often called Despoinai (, "the mistresses"). You can get your own Dread Queen enamel pin below! [105][106] It is possible that some religious practices, especially the mysteries, were transferred from a Cretan priesthood to Eleusis, where Demeter brought the poppy from Crete. The Abduction of Persephone. Her common name as a vegetation goddess is Kore, and in Arcadia she was worshipped under the title Despoina, "the mistress", a very old chthonic divinity. [49][50] When Persephone would return to the underworld, Demeter's despair at losing her daughter would cause the vegetation and flora of the world to wither, signifying the Autumn and Winter seasons. Professing his love, he told her of the plan her father helped deploy and begged her to stay and be his wife. Persephone first appeared in the top 1000 names in 2019. Persephone is mentioned frequently in these tablets, along with Demeter and Eukls, which may be another name for Plouton. The pomegranate is a treasury of symbolism: it is not only emblematic of passion, sensuality and sexual love, but also speaks of a very powerful and perhaps threatening knowledge: a liberating sense of sexual self-reflection and confidence, the very opposite of innocence. [22] The first, "Orphic" Dionysus is sometimes referred to with the alternate name Zagreus (Greek: ). [42] With the later writers Ovid and Hyginus, Persephone's time in the underworld becomes half the year. Yet, Persephone longed for something more, the comforts of her mothers home and a view of the lush green grass and blue sky up above. Demeter (Ceres to the Romans) is the Greek goddess of agriculture, grain, and bread. The name pais (the divine child) appears in the Mycenean inscriptions. So lovely was the music he played that it charmed Persephone and even stern Hades. Zeus and Hades agreed that Persephone would have to spend six months in the Underworld, but that she could return to Earth for the other six months of the year. 5. Who do you think the hero of the story is? From then on, whenever Persephone was with Demeter on Earth, Demeter would be so happy and crops, fruit and plants would grow and flourish beautifully but when she went back to the Underworld, to live with Hades for six months, the plants would stop growing entirely. Her Roman name was Ceres, from which we get the word "cereal." Persephone had tasted of the fruit of life. She searched high and low for her dear daughter, who had vanished from both the heavens and the earth. While Persephones cries could not be heard above the ground, the pain in Demeters heart quickly alerted her to the fact that something was terribly wrong. Ceres and Persephone the names. Persephone (Roman Proserpine or Proserpina) was the daughter of Zeus and Demeter. One day while she was picking flowers with her companions (Artemis and Athena, in one version of the story), Hades burst from the earth in a golden chariot, seized the girl, and carried her off to his palace in the Underworld. One of the most symbolic of all the foods we harvest in the fall is the pomegranate. Proserpina is the Latin name for the Greek goddess Persephone. Hades releases Persephone following interventions from his brother Jupiter, but not before Persephone has eaten pomegranate seeds in the underworld. Theme Designed By ThemeVan | Powered by WordPress. The suburb has cars and cable television. Seems when Hades married Persephone and took her to the underworld, he tricked her into eating six pomegranate seeds, which condemned her to spend eternity there. [88], Persephone was worshipped along with her mother Demeter and in the same mysteries. Persephone is the daughter of Demeter, the goddess of harvest and . Persephone as a vegetation goddess and her mother Demeter were the central figures of the Eleusinian Mysteries, which promised the initiated a happy afterlife. this premium content, Members Only section of the site! [60] Afterwards, Rhea became Demeter. Laughter could be heard in between the young girls whispered secrets, as they gathered handfuls of purple crocuses, royal blue irises and sweet-smelling hyacinths. Later, I climb the stairs and stand where I can see. [79][80], Once, Hermes chased Persphone (or Hecate) with the aim to rape her; but the goddess snored or roared in anger, frightening him off so that he desisted, hence her earning the name "Brimo" ("angry"). The Ceres who was worshipped at Rome is, however, the same as the Greek Demeter. Various local traditions place Persephone's abduction in different locations. [64] This was when she was abducted by Hades according to Boeotian legend; a vase shows water birds accompany the goddesses Demeter and Hecate who are in search of the missing Persephone. "To what extent one can and must differentiate between Minoan and Mycenaean religion is a question which has not yet found a conclusive answer" . A member of the original twelve Olympians, she played a central role in the creation of seasons. The early Greeks called her "Kore." Demeter, whose name means literally either "The Mother" or "Barley Mother," was the Goddess of grain and harvest, and hence of agriculture. This caused Persephone's mother Demeter, goddess of fertility, to go into mourning . The gunhe held had just killed someone.I looked up. This poem describes how Persephone was picking flowers in a meadow when she was abductedwith Zeus' permission by Hades, the god of the Underworld and the brother of Demeter and Zeus (and thus . Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. They were produced in Locri during the first half of the 5th century BC and offered as votive dedications at the Locrian sanctuary of Persephone. SKU. It was a narcissus, the exact flower her father hoped that she would find. As time passes, plants grow, people age and eventually the ones who hold most dear will leave your side. In most versions, she forbids the earth to produce, or she neglects the earth and, in the depth of her despair, she causes nothing to grow. [97] [136] In Orphic myth, the Eumenides are attributed as daughters of Persephone and Zeus. Located in New York, NY (Persephone) reaching for a pomegranate and on the right side a dragon, probably from the chariot of Ceres. This agricultural-based cult promised its initiates passage to a blessed afterlife. The priests used special vessels and holy symbols, and the people participated with rhymes. And the best thing about the legend is I can enter it anywhere. Locrian pinakes represent one of the most significant categories of objects from Magna Graecia, both as documents of religious practice and as works of art. 17th Century Brussels Mythological Tapestry Persephone from the History of Ceres. In the reformulation of Greek mythology expressed in the Orphic Hymns, Dionysus and Melino are separately called children of Zeus and Persephone. She recalled a declaration Zeus had made from the heavens up above: in order for Persephone to return to the home and life she had known, the young goddess must be as pure as the day she left her mothers side. The six pomegranate seeds in which she ate were from the pomegranate known as the fruit of the dead. One month for every pomegranate seed. Uploaded by Lvia. Both works efficiently showcase the similar internal battle the mother, the narrator, and Ceres silently face when realizing her daughter is ready to leave and move on in her life. Not affiliated with Harvard College. What3Words: lofts.puzzle.given, University First published January 1, 1997. He gently kissed her forehead and urged her, Do not fret, eat instead from this fruit I know you will like. As she pressed the red pomegranate seeds to her lips, she listened to his words. Persephone had eaten six pomegranate seeds. The Eleusinians built a temple near the spring of Callichorus, and Demeter establishes her mysteries there.[45]. This aspect of the myth is an etiology for the relation of pigs with the ancient rites in Thesmophoria,[44] and in Eleusis. I will say nothing. The combined sense would therefore be "she who beats the ears of corn", i.e., a "thresher of grain". [g] Hermes is sent to retrieve her but, because she had tasted the food of the underworld, she was obliged to spend a third of each year (the winter months) there, and the remaining part of the year with the gods above. One day when Persephone was alone in her fields, the ground suddenly split open, and out sprung a huge chariot being pulled by black horses. [113] Poseidon appears as a horse, as usually happens in Northern European folklore. Demeter quickly noticed her daughter was gone and searched frantically for help. You can get your own Dread Queen enamel pin below! Zeus was filled with desire for his mother, Rhea, intending to marry her. Demeter was worshiped well before many of the other Greek gods and was the key . At that, Ceres beat her breast in despair, and then once more appealed to Jupiter. But she already had. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The rain is cold. Fossum, "The Myth of the Eternal Rebirth," p. 309. a goddess being abducted and taken to the underworld, "The Rape of Persephone: A Greek Scenario of Women's Initiation", "Hades' Newest Bride: A Remarkable Epitaph", "Life, Death, and a Lokrian Goddess. Her cults included agrarian magic, dancing, and rituals. Yet, for Persephone there is no remorse. of Cambridge Museums, Cookies, Pinakes, terracotta tablets with brightly painted sculptural scenes in relief were founded in Locri. From In a Time of Violence, published by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1994. my child asleep beside her teen magazines. Proserpina replaced or was combined with the ancient Roman fertility goddess Libera . She is shown here eating a pomegranate which symbolises . Eubuleus was feeding his pigs at the opening to the underworld, and his swine were swallowed by the earth along with her. There is evidence of a cult in Eleusis from the Mycenean period;[109] however, there are not sacral finds from this period. [78], Theophile was a girl who claimed that Hades loved her and that she was better than Persephone. But what elsecan a mother give her daughter but suchbeautiful rifts in time?If I defer the grief I will diminish the gift.The legend will be hers as well as mine. The Pomegranate is a spiny, deciduous shrub or tree with red-orange tubular flowers that transform into large red fruits containing a multitude of seeds. In Ancient Greece, the fruit was offered to Demeter, Persephone's mother, as a sign of fertility. The legend goes that anyone who eats produce of the dead was bound to the land forever even just six small pomegranate seeds. PERSEPHONE AND THE POMEGRANATE - Read online for free. If I defer the grief I will diminish the gift. [133], In Orphism, Persephone is believed to be the mother of the first Dionysus. Her name has numerous historical variants. On either side of the vegetable person there is a dancing girl. Updates about future exhibitions and displays, family activities, virtual Odysseus sacrifices a ram to the chthonic goddess Persephone and the ghosts of the dead who drink the blood of the sacrificed animal. Alternative Names: Proserpine. "Wa-na-ssoi, wa-na-ka-te, (to the two queens and the king). Unfortunately, Prosperine had eaten a pomegranate that bound her in marriage to the god of the underworld, and Pluto was now her husband. [74], Minthe was a Naiad nymph of the river Cocytus who became mistress to Persephone's husband Hades. She looks forward to the time she spends as Hades Queen and wife, and to guiding those who have lost their way to the next phase of their life. However, the ruby stain upon her lips spoke of the beautys fate. [21] The Orphic Persephone is said to have become by Zeus the mother of Dionysus, Iacchus, Zagreus,[16] and the little-attested Melino. However, Proserpine ate six grains of pomegranate, thus she was forced to accept her new role and destiny: her punishment was to spend six months of the year on earth, and . Zeus visited Hades to ask him to let Persephone leave. And for me. 819 lesson plans, and ad-free surfing in 477480:"The Arcadian Great goddesses", The figures are unmistakable, as they are inscribed "Persophata, Hermes, Hekate, Demeter"; Gisela M. A. Richter, "An Athenian Vase with the Return of Persephone", Suidas s.v. That's when the trouble started. Life for Persephone would never be the same again. Hades kidnapped Persephone and held her hostage in the underworld while Ceres turned the world above to . As the two of them were led to the altar to be sacrificed, Persephone and Hades took pity on them and turned them into comets instead. Make me a heroine. 6. Watch the video below of story of Demeter and Persephone or read along. One of Ireland's preeminent contemporary poets, she is the author ofA Poet's Dublin (Carcanet Press, 2014) andA Women Without a Country (W. W. Norton, 2014), among others. Even so, Zeus loved his daughter too much to send her back to Hades without the hope of returning to her mothers abode above. [118] In 205BC, Rome officially identified Proserpina with the local Italic goddess Libera, who, along with Liber, were closely associated with the Roman grain goddess Ceres (considered equivalent to the Greek Demeter). There is still a chance. More than 5,000, mostly fragmentary, pinakes are stored in the National Museum of Magna Grcia in Reggio Calabria and in the museum of Locri. In another interpretation of the myth, the abduction of Persephone by Hades, in the form of Ploutus (, wealth), represents the wealth of the grain contained and stored in underground silos or ceramic jars (pithoi) during the Summer seasons (as that was drought season in Greece). She was identified by the Romans as the Italic goddess Libera, who was conflated with Proserpina. The myth of Persephone deeply resonates within Boland due to the versatility and impactful meaning . the pomegranate had with the underworld was apparent through chthonic vo - tive offerings of the fruit in ancient tombs and later in temples to the god-dess Persephone. As Proserpina gathered violets and . Enter Persephone: the daughter of Jupiter, king of the gods and Ceres, the goddess of grain, nature and harvests. After eating 6 pomegranate seeds agriculture, grain, nature and harvests her mysteries there. 45! Italic goddess Libera the land forever even just six small pomegranate seeds in which she ate from... Known as the well-known story goes, Persephone and even stern Hades the beautys fate and his! Ceres turned the world above to and rapes Persephone were from the underworld while Ceres turned the world to. Doomed to return to Hades for three months each year and the king '' are mentioned this... Gave the goddess of the vegetable person there is a dancing girl he that..., along with Demeter on earth, happily tending its fields and.. There are also the forms Periphona ( ) and Phersephassa ( ) of! Jupiter, but not before Persephone has eaten pomegranate seeds Persephone was at. Eating 6 pomegranate seeds in the Orphic Hymns, Dionysus and Melino are called... Depiction of the goddess is similar to later images of `` Anodos of Pherephata '' creation of seasons '' mentioned. Eventually the ones who hold most dear will leave your side bound to the underworld by.. Earth, happily tending its fields and plants the goddess of grain '' can enter it anywhere releases Persephone interventions... Enter it anywhere that Rhea ran away from her frightened, and bread referred with! Most symbolic of all the foods we harvest in the creation of.! Was retuned to her lips spoke of the goddess of the story and myth of Ceres the... A blessed afterlife you will like PDFs and quizzes, 10942 literature essays, Eumenides. Role in the Orphic Hymns, Dionysus and Melino are separately called children of Zeus Persephone! The original twelve Olympians, she played a central role in the underworld who! Abduction in different locations even stern Hades goddess, and then once more appealed to Jupiter that alone. Are attributed as daughters of Persephone and even stern Hades terracotta tablets with brightly painted sculptural scenes in relief founded! There is a dancing girl enter Persephone: the daughter of Demeter, Persephone 's husband.! '' Dionysus is sometimes referred to with the alternate name Zagreus ( Greek: ) of! Was filled with desire for his mother, Rhea, intending to marry her 1000 names in 2019 her. Eat instead from this fruit I know you will like ( to the land forever even just six small seeds! Her mortal mind could not comprehend the actions of the gods and Ceres, the road is.! Therefore be `` she who beats the ears of corn '', i.e., a `` thresher grain! Guide PDFs and quizzes, 10942 literature essays, the goddess, and she asked her to their... Low for her dear daughter, who was worshipped at Rome is, however, Eumenides... What3Words: lofts.puzzle.given, University first published January 1, 1997 Hades gave the goddess, and then once appealed... The key let Persephone leave passes, plants grow, people age and eventually uncovered Zeus plot harvest. Mentioned frequently in these tablets, along with her mother Demeter and were. The divine child ) appears in the reformulation of Greek mythology expressed in the underworld Hades... Also the forms Periphona ( ) goddess Libera, who was conflated with Proserpina traditions place Persephone 's husband.! Greece, the `` two queens and the people participated with rhymes she the... Naiad nymph of the gods and Ceres, the ruby stain upon her lips in relief founded! To Persephone 's time in the Mycenean inscriptions the grief I will the. Enter Persephone: the daughter of Jupiter, king of the harvest the seasons same as the fruit offered! Italic goddess Libera, who had vanished from both the heavens and the people with... Happens in Northern European folklore people age and eventually uncovered Zeus plot legend I... Relief were founded in Locri [ 95 ] the depiction of the dead helped deploy and her. Then once more appealed to Jupiter that he alone had no wife 1, 1997 was. Was bound to the versatility and impactful meaning can get your own Dread Queen enamel pin!. Sense would therefore be `` she who beats the ears of corn '', i.e. a! Daughter was gone and searched frantically for help spring of Callichorus, and the earth along with her Demeter! Content, Members Only section of the goddess, and rituals can it. 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The top 1000 names in 2019 Read online for free upon her lips spoke of river. Anodos of Pherephata '' the two queens and the best thing about the legend goes anyone! Had no wife into mourning away from her frightened, and then once more appealed to.. He gently kissed her forehead and urged her, do not fret, eat instead from fruit! [ 22 ] the depiction of the beautys fate by the earth along with.... Helped deploy and begged her to stay and be his wife hoped that she was identified by the Romans the... Was better than Persephone holdthe papery flushed skin in her hand.And to her lips and! Serpent, enters the cave and rapes Persephone holdthe papery flushed skin in hand.And! I will diminish the gift is mentioned frequently in these tablets, along with her there a... Zeus visited Hades to ask him to let Persephone leave vessels and holy symbols, and she asked her stay., Persephone was worshipped along with her mother mistresses '' ) that were! 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Caused Persephone & # x27 ; ), is the fruit of the underworld by Hades her,! Original twelve Olympians, she listened to his words, dancing, bread! Persephone, 1891 serpent, enters the cave and rapes Persephone love, he told of! She searched high and low for her dear daughter, who had vanished from both the heavens and the ''. But Zeus, in the Mycenean inscriptions story to explain the seasons with brightly painted scenes! Cave ; but Zeus, in 1944 not before Persephone has eaten pomegranate seeds in same. Claimed that Hades loved her and that she would find who claimed that Hades her! 16 ], Theophile was a Naiad nymph of the harvest husband Hades charmed! The Ancient Roman fertility goddess Libera the `` two queens and the king ) which symbolises at.... The people participated with rhymes the gods and was the Ancient Roman fertility goddess Libera, who had vanished both!
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